Perempuan dan Politik Industri Kreatif dalam Kerangka Pembangunan: Lesson Learned dari Indonesia dan Thailand

Authors

  • Mouliza Kristhopher Donna Sweinstani Peneliti Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2021.201.1-15

Keywords:

Industri Kreatif, Pembangunan Nasional, Women in Development, Gender in Development

Abstract

Sebagai salah satu upaya meningkatkan peran perempuan dalam pembangunan, Indonesia dan Thailand melakukan pengembangan industri kreatif yang diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah bagi perempuan berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan nasional. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana Pemerintah kedua negara mengikutsertakan perempuan dalam pembangunan melalui industri kreatif dan melihat strategi Pemerintah kedua negara untuk merekognisi dan mengakomodasi kepentingan perempuan dalam pembangunan. Dengan menggunakan metode studi dokumen berdasarkan beberapa literatur yang terkait dengan perempuan dan pembangunan, analisis gender, serta dokumen-dokumen resmi baik dari PBB maupun dokumen resmi kedua negara, penulis menemukan bahwa sektor industri kreatif di kedua negara ini masih cenderung condong pada pendekatan Women in Development yang hanya “menambahkan" perempuan dalam roda pembangunan nasional tanpa ada upaya bagi pemberdayaan yang signifikan. Hal ini dikarenakan masih kurangnya pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan berbagai pelatihan yang dapat menjadi bekal bagi perempuan dalam pembangunan. Di Indonesia, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari minimnya modal UMKM yang pada awalnya dijanjikan akan menjadi tempat bagi perempuan dalam pembangunan sektor industri kreatif. Sementara di Thailand, banyak perempuan-khususnya yang bekerja di bidang industri hiburan dan pariwisata-yang pada akhirnya justru jatuh pada dunia prostitusi. Kondisi yang terjadi di kedua negara ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya pelibatan perempuan dalam roda pembangunan belum memperhatikan ketimpangan hubungan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Sehingga, alih-alih mengikutsertakan perempuan dalam pembangunan justru membuat perempuan terperangkap dalam aral pembangunan itu sendiri.

 

[As one of the country’s strategies to empower women in national development, Indonesia and Thailand develop a creative industry that is expected to be a place for women to participate in each national development. This paper aims to analyze how the governments of both countries include women in development through the creative industry and see the government's strategy to recognize and accommodate women's interests in development. Using documentary data related to women and development, gender analysis, as well as official documents from both the United Nations and official documents of the two countries, the author found that the creative industries in both countries are still inclined towards the Women in Development approach which only "adds" women to the national development without any significant effort for empowerment. This is because there is still a lack of human resource development and various pieces of training that can be a provision for women in development. In Indonesia, this can be seen from the lack of MSME capital which was initially promised to be a place for women in the development of the creative industry sector, while in Thailand, many women - especially those who work in the entertainment and tourism industries - eventually fell into prostitution. Looking at those conditions in both countries, we can conclude that the efforts to involve women in development through the creative industry sector have not paid attention to the inequality of relations between men and women. Consequently, instead of including women in development, this action makes women trapped in the drawbacks of development itself.]

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Published

2021-06-22

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