The Imperfect Peace and the Zawiya in the Eastern Rif: The Transformation of Sufi Brotherhoods in Post-Independence Morocco
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Abstract
This article presents a theoretical approach rooted in Peace Research to examine the religious landscape of the eastern Rif following Morocco's independence. The period of independence positioned religious entities at a critical juncture in their long history, representing a particularly unstable time for the Sufi brotherhoods associated with these zawiya. The social spaces created by the zawiya have been influenced by new sociocultural dynamics, leading to their transformation and adaptation in response to contemporary demands. This study aims to guide the reader toward understanding peace as an ongoing journey that coexists with conflict, highlighting the peaceful elements that emerge within these Sufi entities. Insights derived from research on peace, particularly the theory of Imperfect Peace, illuminate the dynamism of the zawiya, their roles as agents of social harmony, and the space-time transformations they undergo in the pursuit of continuous and transformative peace. This exploration focuses on one of the most deeply rooted entities in the eastern Rif.
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