504
Views
386
PDF Downloads
Open Access
Media Violence and Quality of Life among Young Children and Youth in Sialkot, Pakistan
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – Media has proved to be a handy tool in education, arts, science, sports, and culture. People spend most of their time watching television, playing video games, and surfing the internet. This study aims to identify how violence in media affects the quality of life among children and youth.
Design/methods/approach – A random sample of 181 individuals ranging in age from 7 to 24 was collected online using a Google form questionnaire. An organized self-report Questionnaire had four segments: 1) Consent Form; 2) Demographic Information of Participant; 3) The Content-based Media Exposure Scale(C-ME); 4) Quality of Life Scale (QOL). First part of C-ME shows that exposure to anti-social media content had a negative relationship with quality of life scale [r= -.189, n= 181, P= .011] while second part of C-ME (neutral items) had a positive relationship with quality of life scale [r= .265, n= 181, P= .00].
Findings – Findings of this study suggest that lower quality of life is a genuine and developing phenomenon among young children and youth. Training programs for guidance about media content should be customized to be reasonable for each social setting.
Research implications/limitations – Sample size could be increased due to compliance with COVID-19 SOP. Online data were collected via Google forms. More research is required to eradicate this issue among children and youth, turning into aggression later in life. This study welcomes all upcoming researchers to work on this for better results.
Practical implications – The results of this study show a positive relationship between media violence and quality of life among young children. The quality of life is highly deteriorating because of anti-social media content in various countries. It shows that lower quality of life is a genuine and developing phenomenon among young children and youth. Training programs for guidance about media content should be customized to eradicate current issues in the community.
Originality/value – Results of this study highlight the relationship between media content and the quality of life of young children and youth, but this broad topic still requests conclusive discussion and research worldwide.
Paper type Research paper
Keywords:
Downloads
Article Details
How to Cite
Copyright
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process. It can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564), 2377–2379. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070765
Bartholow, B. D., Sestir, M. A., & Davis, E. B. (2005). Correlates and consequences of exposure to video game violence: Hostile personality, empathy, and aggressive behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(11), 1573–1586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205277205
Björkqvist, K. (1985). Violent films, anxiety and aggression : experimental studies of the effect of violent films on the level of anxiety and aggressiveness in children. Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters.
Björkqvist, K. (1985). Violent films, anxiety and aggression : experimental studies of the effect of violent films on the level of anxiety and aggressiveness in children. Helsinki : Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. In American Psychologist (Vol. 56, Issues 6–7, pp. 477–489). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.6-7.477
Buss, A. H. (1961). The psychology of aggression. Wiley.
Coyne, S. M., Rogers, A. A., Zurcher, J. D., Stockdale, L., & Booth, M. (2020). Does time spent using social media impact mental health?: An eight-year longitudinal study. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106160
den Hamer, A. H., Konijn, E. A., Plaisier, X. S., Keijer, M. G., Krabbendam, L. C., & Bushman, B. J. (2017). The Content-based Media Exposure Scale (C-ME): Development and Validation. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 549–557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.050
DeWall, C. N., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2011). The general aggression model: Theoretical extensions to violence. Psychology of Violence, 1(3), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023842
Dittrick, C. J., Beran, T. N., Mishna, F., Hetherington, R., & Shariff, S. (2013). Do Children Who Bully Their Peers Also Play Violent Video Games? A Canadian National Study. Journal of School Violence, 12(4), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2013.803244
DOGUTAS, A. (2013). The Influence of Media Violence on Children. Journal of Faculty of Education, 2(1), 107–126.
Escobar-Viera, C. G., Whitfield, D. L., Wessel, C. B., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Brown, A. L., Chandler, C. J., Hoffman, B. L., Marshal, M. P., & Primack, B. A. (2018). For Better or for Worse? A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Social Media Use and Depression Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Minorities. JMIR Mental Health, 5(3), e10496. https://doi.org/10.2196/10496
Foerster, M., & Röösli, M. (2017). A latent class analysis on adolescents media use and associations with health-related quality of life. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 266–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.015
Geen, R.G., & Thomas, S. L. (1986). Immediate Effects of Media Violence on Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 42(3), 7–27.
Geen, Russell G. (1990). Human Aggression. Pacific Grove.
Gentile, D. A., Li, D., Khoo, A., Prot, S., & Anderson, C. A. (2014). Mediators and moderators of long-term effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior: practice, thinking, and action. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.63
Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
Hilal Bashir, & Shabir Ahmad Bhat. (2017). Effects of Social Media on Mental Health: A Review. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.25215/0403.134
Hinde, R. A., & Groebel, J. (1991). Cooperation and Prosocial Behaviour. Cambridge University Press.
Huesmann, L. R. (2007). The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S6–S13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.005
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2002). Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science, 295(5564), 2468–2471. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062929
Kenney, E. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2017). United States Adolescents’ Television, Computer, Videogame, Smartphone, and Tablet Use: Associations with Sugary Drinks, Sleep, Physical Activity, and Obesity. The Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.015
Li, S., Jin, X., Wu, S., Jiang, F., Yan, C., & Shen, X. (2007). The impact of media use on sleep patterns and sleep disorders among school-aged children in China. Sleep, 30(3), 361–367. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.3.361
Murray, J. P., Rubinstein, E. A., & Comstock, G. A. (1972). Television and Social Behavior: A Technical Report to the Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior. National Institute of Mental Health.
Padgaonar, L. (1999). The Killing Screen: Violence on Television and its Impact on Children A Public Hearing. The United Nations Education; Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
Rahanam, M. A., & Khan, A. A. (2016). The Impact of Media-Violence on Children and Adolescents: A Sociological Analysis. Journal of Science and Technology, 14(1), 26–31.
Raji, S. O., Owumi, B. E., & Aliyu, T. K. (2014). Media violence affects children’s health and aggressive behavior in Osun State, Nigeria.
Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., Roberts, D. F., & Brodie, M. (1999). Kids & media @ the new millennium. A Kaiser Family Foundation Report.
Schoeni, A., Roser, K., & Röösli, M. (2015). Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Adolescents in Relation to Mobile Phone Use during Night. PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0133528. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0133528
Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191
Stoff, D. M., Breiling, J., & Maser, J. D. (1977). Handbook of Antisocial Behavior. John Wiley & Sons.
Tanwar, K., & Priyanka. (2016). Impact of Media Violence on Children’s Aggressive Behaviour. Indian Journal of Research, 5(6), 241–245.
Ukoha, E. K. (2013). Media Violence and Violent Behaviour of Nigerian Youths: Intervention Strategies. African Journal Online (AJOL), 21(3).
Woodard, E. H., & Gridina, N. (2000). Media in the Home. The Annenberg Public Center.
